Erica will talk about her research on the impressive historical record of civil resistance in the 20th century–as well as the promise of unarmed struggle in the 21st century. She will focus on what she calls the “3.5% rule”—the notion that no government has been able to withstand a challenge of over 3.5% of its population without accommodating the movement or (in extreme cases) disintegrating. In addition to explaining why mass nonviolent resistance has been so effective, she will also share some lessons learned about why it sometimes fails.